PFAS Compliance Readiness: What It Means and Why It Comes First

Understanding the EPA's 2024 PFAS rule and the planning that precedes monitoring, remediation, and grant applications

The EPA's PFAS National Primary Drinking Water Regulation

In April 2024, the EPA finalized Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) for six PFAS compounds in drinking water—creating mandatory compliance obligations for all community and public water systems nationwide. The 2029 deadline is firm.

6 Regulated Compounds

PFOA, PFOS, PFNA, PFHxS, PFBS, and GenX chemicals carry legally enforceable MCLs ranging from 4 to 2,000 parts per trillion.

2029 Compliance Deadline

All public water systems must meet applicable MCLs or implement corrective actions. Non-compliance triggers mandatory public notification and enforcement.

Tiered Monitoring Required

Initial monitoring followed by quarterly, annual, or triennial schedules based on detection levels and system vulnerability.

State Requirements May Be More Stringent

States including California, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, Massachusetts, and others have PFAS regulations that exceed federal MCLs. Your state primacy agency's requirements govern your compliance timeline.

Compliance Readiness vs. Compliance

PFAS compliance readiness is not the same as PFAS compliance. Compliance means your system meets MCLs. Readiness means your agency has the documentation, regulatory clarity, and strategic positioning to pursue compliance efficiently—and to access the funding that supports it.

What Readiness Looks Like

  • Regulatory obligations documented by source
  • Monitoring data organized and verified
  • Grant eligibility assessed and aligned
  • Compliance timeline established with milestones
  • Technical engagement appropriately sequenced

Common Readiness Gaps

  • Monitoring data exists but isn't grant-aligned
  • Regulatory obligations not clearly documented
  • No compliance roadmap connecting data to action
  • Engineering engaged before scope is defined
  • Documentation created reactively, not proactively

Federal PFAS Compliance Timeline

April 2024

Final Rule Published

EPA finalized MCLs for six PFAS compounds and established the initial monitoring and compliance framework.

2024–2027

Initial Monitoring Period

All systems must sample at every distribution entry point. Results determine ongoing monitoring frequency and compliance trajectory.

2027–2029

Ongoing Monitoring & Corrective Action

Systems with MCL exceedances must plan and implement treatment. Grant applications should be aligned with this phase.

By 2029

MCL Compliance Deadline

All systems must achieve compliance or face enforcement action, mandatory public notification, and SDWA violations.

Grant Alignment: Why Documentation Structure Matters

Federal and state PFAS funding is significant—but grant reviewers evaluate whether applicants have documented regulatory obligation, demonstrated need, and structured a clear compliance pathway. Agencies that build documentation with grant criteria in mind from the start are consistently more competitive.

Available Funding Sources

  • EPA EC-SDC grants for small and disadvantaged communities
  • State Revolving Fund (SRF) programs
  • Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act allocations
  • State-level PFAS grant programs

What Grant Alignment Requires

  • Documentation structured to meet program criteria
  • Monitoring data demonstrating regulatory need
  • Engineering scope tied to compliance plan
  • Application timeline aligned with compliance milestones
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